• It was hypothesized that if modafinil acts

  2020-07-09

  

  It was hypothesized that if modafinil acts primarily via a noradrenergic mechanism, Dbh −/− mice should be non-responsive since they completely lack NE. In contrast, if modafinil acts mainly through DA systems, these mice should be hypersensitive. Modafinil was tested in Dbh −/− mice using both loco

• AMPHs facilitate dopamine release which further triggers dop

  2020-07-09

  

  AMPHs facilitate dopamine release, which further triggers dopamine depletion [72]. Indeed, we observed that repeated treatment of MPA significantly inhibited TH-, DAT-, and VMAT-2 levels. Since DAT and VMAT-2 are important for dopaminergic terminal markers [10], their decreases suggest that MPA-indu

• br Experimental Procedures DNA synthesis reagents

  2020-07-09

  

  Experimental Procedures DNA synthesis reagents were purchased from Glen Research (Sterling, VA). A solution of 0.1 M triethylamine acetate (TEAA) (pH 6.5) was used as HPLC buffer A, and HPLC-grade acetonitrile from Oceanpak (Sweden) was used as HPLC buffer B. All other chemicals were obtained fro

• The death associated protein kinase DAPK is an actin associa

  2020-07-09

  

  The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is an actin-associated, calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzyme with serine/threonine kinase activity [11], [12]. DAPK is a pro-apoptotic gene and participates in various apoptotic systems, such as TNF-α- and Fas-triggered apoptosis [10], IFN-γ-induced cell dea

• Cysteine protease inhibitors representing several chemical s

  2020-07-08

  

  Cysteine protease inhibitors representing several chemical scaffold types are effective in halting parasite replication without toxicity to the host (Renslo and McKerrow, 2006). A vinyl sulfone cysteine protease inhibitor, K11777, is completing final Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) preclinical tests

• br Results and discussion br Conclusion In this investigatio

  2020-07-08

  

  Results and discussion Conclusion In this investigation, pharmacophore models of CK1 inhibitors were developed using a pharmacophore modeling protocol proposed by us. The optimal pharmacophore hypothesis, Hypo2, was adopted to retrieve potential CK1 inhibitors from the commercial chemical data

• DBeQ mg ERR is present early in the developing

  2020-07-08

  

  ERRβ is present early in the developing placenta in a subset of DBeQ mg in extra-embryonic ectoderm destined to make up the chorion.19, 20 ERRβ is likely essential for reproduction. ERRβ expression is essential for the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal potential in mouse embryonic stem c

• We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms underlyin

  2020-07-08

  

  We further analyzed the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the synergistic action of IL-23 and PGE2 and found that this action is mediated by not only STAT3 but also CREB1 and NF-κB. Involvement of CREB1 is analogous to that in the PGE2-EP2/EP4–mediated Il12rb2 induction during TH1 cell different

• In conclusion we developed a new CysLT and

  2020-07-07

  

  In conclusion, we developed a new CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model that can be useful for screening both CysLT2 receptor and CysLT1/2 receptor antagonists. In addition, we have shown that the dual CysLT1/2 receptor antagonist ONO-6950 can exert protective effect agai

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-07-07

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In particular, we showed that pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor glutathione s-transferase recognize cAMP as a stimulatory signal for cell proliferation. Conversely, cAMP was found to have an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in bronchial carcino

• Interestingly anti inflammatory actions for sPLA V were also

  2020-07-07

  

  Interestingly, anti-inflammatory actions for sPLA2-V were also described in mice a few years ago in a model of autoimmune complex mediated arthritis [148]. A novel mechanism was delineated, whereby sPLA2-V promotes phagocytosis of immune complexes by macrophages to ameliorate inflammation in autoimm

• Enolase is an example of a moonlighting protein that display

  2020-07-07

  

  Enolase is an example of a moonlighting protein that displays multiple biological actions, including plasminogen, laminin, fibronectin, mucin and cytokeratin binding properties. It has also been described as a complement-evasion protein and as a protein capable of inducing neutrophil trap formation.

• Methacholine MCh is a bronchoconstrictive agent that

  2020-07-07

  

  Methacholine (MCh) is a bronchoconstrictive agent that has been widely used in the diagnoses of airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness (Jonasson et al., 2009). MCh induces muscle contractions by stimulating the muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are found in both the airways and the lung parenc

• Our results indicate an OT

  2020-07-07

  

  Our results indicate an OT-specific activation of PKR that inactivates eIF2a and may, by this means, reduce protein translation by utilizing only select sensors and mediators of the UPR (i.e., avoiding significant PERK activation). Interferon is a PKR activator [32] that temporarily subdues cellular

• br Guidance of B cell

  2020-07-07

  

  Guidance of B cell localization by EBI2 EBI2 expression and B cell disease Although chemoattractant receptors of the GPR family play essential roles in coordinating the migration of lymphocytes for efficient responses against pathogens, their dysregulation can result in the initiation or progr

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